Gramscian Marxism applied in the Puno uprisings of 2023: a new threat to the Peruvian nation-state.

Abstract

Studying Gramscian Marxism implies understanding how the power relations of any society can be reversed by conquering the moral hegemony of that human group. It’s successful development implies both the establishment and the control of the power of the Marxist hegemonic group in a persuasive manner. Being for this reason, much more effective in it’s purposes than classical Marxism. The purpose of this scientific review article is to analyze the relationship between the recent revolts in the region of Puno - Peru, manipulated by radical left groups, using Gramscian methods and how this problematic reality presents a serious challenge for the Peruvian nation state and consequently for national security and defense. 

Methodology: The methodology used is based on the hermeneutic discussion of the texts of Antonio Gramsci and its extrapolation to the scenario of violence in the motive region of the study, considering the historiographic and cultural variables of the Aymara ethnic group. 

Conclusions: Internal and foreign subversive groups are applying Gramscian Marxist thinking in the Puno region to achieve their political objectives. This constitutes a serious threat to Peru’s sovereignty. In order to make this scenario a reality, multiple historical, sociological, anthropological and economic factors had converged in the past, both in the region under study and in the area of influence. 

Originality: The synergistic understanding of the problem will allow the identification of the methodology used by these groups; this will make it possible to delineate a correct strategy in all areas of the in all fields of human activity to neutralize them and ensure the sovereignty of the Peruvian nation.